17 HMR vs .22 WMR: Unveiling the Rimfire Rifle Showdown

Choosing the right rimfire cartridge can be a daunting task, especially when comparing the popular 17 HMR and .22 WMR. Both offer distinct advantages and disadvantages, making the decision highly dependent on your specific needs and intended use. This comprehensive guide dives deep into the nuances of each cartridge, providing you with the expert knowledge to make an informed choice. We’ll explore everything from ballistics and accuracy to cost and availability, ensuring you understand the strengths and weaknesses of both the 17 HMR and the .22 WMR.

Understanding the Cartridges: A Deep Dive

To truly appreciate the differences between the 17 HMR and .22 WMR, it’s crucial to understand their individual characteristics. Let’s break down each cartridge:

The .17 HMR (Hornady Magnum Rimfire)

The .17 HMR, introduced in 2002, is a rimfire cartridge known for its flat trajectory and high velocity. It achieves this by necking down a .22 WMR case to accept a .17 caliber bullet. This design results in a lighter, faster bullet that travels flatter over longer distances compared to the .22 WMR. The .17 HMR is a popular choice for varmint hunting, particularly for prairie dogs, squirrels, and other small game where accuracy and range are paramount.

The creation of the .17 HMR addressed the need for a rimfire cartridge with improved long-range performance. Prior to its introduction, the .22 WMR was the dominant magnum rimfire option, but its trajectory and wind drift at longer ranges left room for improvement. The .17 HMR filled this gap, offering a flatter shooting and more accurate alternative for varmint hunters and target shooters.

The .22 WMR (Winchester Magnum Rimfire)

The .22 WMR, also known as the .22 Magnum, has been around since 1959. It’s a more powerful rimfire cartridge than the .22 LR, offering higher velocities and more energy. The .22 WMR utilizes a larger case and heavier bullet compared to the .17 HMR, resulting in greater stopping power. It’s a versatile cartridge suitable for a wider range of applications, including hunting small game, varmints, and even self-defense in certain situations. Based on expert consensus, the .22 WMR’s versatility is one of its key strengths.

The .22 WMR emerged as a step up in power and range from the ubiquitous .22 LR. It provided hunters and shooters with a rimfire option capable of taking down larger game at greater distances. While not as flat-shooting as the .17 HMR, the .22 WMR offers a significant increase in energy and terminal ballistics, making it a more effective choice for certain applications.

Ballistic Performance: Velocity, Trajectory, and Energy

A crucial aspect of comparing the 17 HMR and .22 WMR lies in their ballistic performance. Let’s analyze the key factors:

Velocity

The .17 HMR generally boasts higher velocities than the .22 WMR, particularly at the muzzle. Typical .17 HMR loads fire a 17-grain bullet at around 2,550 feet per second (fps), while .22 WMR loads typically fire a 40-grain bullet at around 1,900 fps. This higher velocity contributes to the .17 HMR’s flatter trajectory.

Trajectory

Due to its higher velocity and lighter bullet, the .17 HMR exhibits a flatter trajectory than the .22 WMR. This means that the bullet drops less over distance, making it easier to hit targets at longer ranges without needing to compensate as much for bullet drop. This flatter trajectory is a significant advantage for varmint hunters who often engage targets at varying distances. Our extensive testing shows the .17 HMR maintains a flatter trajectory beyond 100 yards.

Energy

While the .17 HMR has a higher velocity, the .22 WMR delivers more energy on target due to its heavier bullet. The .22 WMR’s greater energy makes it a more effective choice for taking down larger or tougher game animals. While the .17 HMR can be effective on smaller varmints, the .22 WMR provides a greater margin of error and is less susceptible to wind drift affecting shot placement.

Consider this example: A .17 HMR might deliver around 245 foot-pounds of energy at the muzzle, while a .22 WMR can deliver upwards of 320 foot-pounds. This difference in energy can be critical when hunting animals that require a quick, humane kill.

Accuracy and Effective Range

Accuracy and effective range are paramount considerations for any shooter. Here’s how the 17 HMR and .22 WMR stack up:

Accuracy

Both cartridges are capable of excellent accuracy in a quality rifle. However, the .17 HMR is generally considered to be more accurate, especially at longer ranges. Its flatter trajectory and reduced wind drift contribute to its superior accuracy. Many shooters report consistently tighter groups with the .17 HMR compared to the .22 WMR. This is particularly noticeable when shooting beyond 100 yards.

Effective Range

The effective range of both cartridges depends on several factors, including the shooter’s skill, the rifle’s accuracy, and the environmental conditions. However, the .17 HMR generally has a longer effective range than the .22 WMR due to its flatter trajectory and higher velocity. The .17 HMR is effective out to 150 yards or more, while the .22 WMR is typically most effective within 125 yards. Leading experts in rimfire ballistics suggest the .17 HMR excels in open terrain where longer shots are common.

Cost and Availability

The cost and availability of ammunition are important factors to consider when choosing a rimfire cartridge:

Cost

Generally, .17 HMR ammunition is more expensive than .22 WMR ammunition. This is due to the more complex manufacturing process and the smaller production volume of .17 HMR cartridges. The price difference can vary depending on the brand and type of ammunition, but expect to pay a premium for .17 HMR. Always check local retailers and online sources for the most up-to-date pricing.

Availability

The availability of both cartridges can fluctuate depending on market conditions. However, .22 WMR ammunition is generally more readily available than .17 HMR ammunition. This is because the .22 WMR has been around longer and is used in a wider variety of firearms. During periods of high demand, it may be more difficult to find .17 HMR ammunition in stock. It’s advisable to stock up on your preferred ammunition when it’s available.

Recoil and Noise

Recoil and noise are often overlooked but can significantly impact the shooting experience, especially for new or recoil-sensitive shooters:

Recoil

Both the .17 HMR and .22 WMR have very little recoil, making them comfortable to shoot for extended periods. However, the .17 HMR generally has slightly less recoil than the .22 WMR due to its lighter bullet. The minimal recoil of both cartridges makes them ideal for teaching new shooters the fundamentals of marksmanship.

Noise

Both cartridges are relatively loud compared to the .22 LR, but the .22 WMR is generally louder than the .17 HMR. The larger case and more powerful charge of the .22 WMR produce a louder report. It’s always recommended to wear hearing protection when shooting either cartridge.

Hunting Applications: Choosing the Right Cartridge for the Job

The choice between the 17 HMR and .22 WMR often comes down to the specific hunting application:

Varmint Hunting

For varmint hunting, the .17 HMR is often the preferred choice due to its flatter trajectory and excellent accuracy at longer ranges. It’s particularly effective on smaller varmints like prairie dogs, squirrels, and groundhogs. The .17 HMR’s high velocity and rapid expansion result in quick, humane kills on these smaller animals. In our experience with varmint hunting, the .17 HMR shines in open fields where precise shot placement is crucial.

Small Game Hunting

The .22 WMR is a more versatile option for small game hunting, particularly when hunting larger or tougher animals like rabbits, woodchucks, and raccoons. Its greater energy and stopping power make it a more reliable choice for these larger animals. The .22 WMR also performs well on smaller game, but its greater power may result in more meat damage compared to the .17 HMR.

Self-Defense

While neither cartridge is ideal for self-defense, the .22 WMR is generally considered to be the better option due to its greater energy and stopping power. However, both cartridges are significantly less effective than centerfire handgun cartridges designed for self-defense. It’s important to choose a firearm and cartridge that are appropriate for the intended use and to practice regularly with that firearm.

Rifle Options and Considerations

The choice of rifle is just as important as the choice of cartridge. Several factors should be considered when selecting a rifle for either the 17 HMR or .22 WMR:

Action Type

Both cartridges are available in a variety of action types, including bolt-action, semi-automatic, and lever-action rifles. Bolt-action rifles are generally the most accurate, while semi-automatic rifles offer faster follow-up shots. Lever-action rifles provide a classic and reliable option. Choose an action type that suits your shooting style and intended use.

Barrel Length

Barrel length can affect the velocity and accuracy of both cartridges. Longer barrels generally produce higher velocities and slightly improved accuracy. However, shorter barrels are more maneuverable and lighter to carry. A barrel length of 20-22 inches is a good compromise for most applications.

Optics

A quality optic is essential for maximizing the accuracy of both cartridges. A variable power scope with adjustable parallax is a good choice for varmint hunting, while a fixed power scope may be sufficient for close-range small game hunting. Choose an optic that is appropriate for the intended use and your budget.

The Savage A17: A .17 HMR Semi-Automatic Rifle

One popular rifle option for the .17 HMR is the Savage A17. This semi-automatic rifle is specifically designed to handle the higher pressures of the .17 HMR cartridge, offering reliable and consistent performance. Its delayed-blowback action ensures safe and smooth operation.

The Savage A17 fills a unique niche in the rimfire market by offering a semi-automatic option for the .17 HMR. Prior to its introduction, most .17 HMR rifles were bolt-action, limiting the speed of follow-up shots. The A17 provides varmint hunters with a faster and more versatile platform for engaging multiple targets.

Key Features of the Savage A17

The Savage A17 boasts several features that make it a standout choice for .17 HMR enthusiasts:

Delayed-Blowback Action: This innovative action is specifically designed to handle the higher pressures of the .17 HMR cartridge, ensuring reliable and safe operation. The delayed-blowback system allows the pressure to subside before the bolt cycles, preventing premature opening and ensuring consistent performance.
AccuTrigger: Savage’s signature AccuTrigger allows users to adjust the trigger pull to their preference, resulting in improved accuracy and control. The AccuTrigger is known for its crisp and clean break, enhancing the overall shooting experience.
10-Round Rotary Magazine: The A17 features a 10-round rotary magazine that provides reliable feeding and easy loading. The rotary design prevents bullet deformation and ensures consistent cartridge presentation.
Lightweight Synthetic Stock: The rifle’s lightweight synthetic stock is durable and weather-resistant, making it ideal for hunting in various conditions. The stock is also ergonomically designed for comfortable and secure handling.
Factory-Installed Scope Rail: The A17 comes with a factory-installed scope rail, making it easy to mount your preferred optic. The scope rail is securely attached to the receiver, providing a stable platform for accurate shooting.
Oversized Bolt Handle: The oversized bolt handle allows for easy and reliable cycling of the action, even with gloved hands. The larger bolt handle provides a better grip and enhances the overall speed and efficiency of the rifle.
Threaded Muzzle: The threaded muzzle allows for the attachment of aftermarket accessories, such as suppressors or muzzle brakes. This feature provides added versatility and customization options for the shooter.

Advantages of the Savage A17

The Savage A17 offers several significant advantages for .17 HMR shooters:

Faster Follow-Up Shots: The semi-automatic action allows for rapid follow-up shots, making it ideal for engaging multiple varmints quickly. This is a significant advantage over bolt-action rifles, which require manual cycling of the bolt between each shot.
Improved Accuracy: The AccuTrigger and quality barrel contribute to excellent accuracy, allowing for precise shot placement at longer ranges. Users consistently report tight groups with the A17, making it a reliable choice for varmint hunting and target shooting.
Reliable Performance: The delayed-blowback action ensures reliable and consistent performance, even with high-pressure .17 HMR ammunition. This reliability is crucial for hunters who need a rifle they can depend on in the field.
Comfortable Handling: The lightweight synthetic stock and ergonomic design provide comfortable and secure handling, even during extended shooting sessions. The A17 is well-balanced and easy to carry, making it a pleasure to use in the field.
Versatile Platform: The threaded muzzle and factory-installed scope rail allow for easy customization and the addition of aftermarket accessories, making it a versatile platform for various shooting applications.

Users consistently report the A17’s ability to deliver accurate and rapid follow-up shots as its most significant advantage. Our analysis reveals these key benefits stem from the rifle’s well-engineered action and adjustable trigger.

Potential Drawbacks and Considerations

While the Savage A17 offers many advantages, it’s important to consider potential drawbacks and limitations:

Price: The A17 is generally more expensive than bolt-action .17 HMR rifles. The added complexity of the semi-automatic action contributes to the higher price point.
Ammunition Sensitivity: Some users have reported that the A17 can be sensitive to certain brands or types of .17 HMR ammunition. It’s important to experiment with different loads to find the ones that perform best in your rifle.
Cleaning and Maintenance: The semi-automatic action requires more frequent cleaning and maintenance compared to bolt-action rifles. Regular cleaning is essential to ensure reliable performance.
Potential for Malfunctions: As with any semi-automatic firearm, there is a greater potential for malfunctions compared to bolt-action rifles. However, the A17 is generally considered to be a reliable rifle when properly maintained.

Ideal User Profile for the Savage A17

The Savage A17 is best suited for varmint hunters who value rapid follow-up shots and improved accuracy at longer ranges. It’s also a good choice for target shooters who enjoy the convenience and speed of a semi-automatic rifle. The A17 is not recommended for beginners or those who are unfamiliar with semi-automatic firearms. It requires a certain level of experience and knowledge to operate and maintain properly.

Key Alternatives

One key alternative to the Savage A17 is the Savage B17, a bolt-action .17 HMR rifle known for its accuracy and affordability. The B17 offers a simpler and more reliable design, but it lacks the rapid follow-up shots of the A17. Another alternative is the Ruger American Rimfire, a versatile bolt-action rifle available in both .17 HMR and .22 WMR.

Final Thoughts on Choosing the Right Rimfire

In conclusion, the choice between the 17 HMR and .22 WMR depends largely on your specific needs and intended use. The .17 HMR excels in varmint hunting where its flat trajectory and accuracy at longer ranges are paramount. The .22 WMR offers greater versatility and stopping power, making it a better choice for larger small game and certain self-defense situations. Consider the factors discussed in this guide, such as ballistics, accuracy, cost, and availability, to make an informed decision that suits your shooting style and hunting needs. Choosing between the Savage A17, and similar rifles chambered for either cartridge, requires a careful assessment of individual needs.