500 S&W Magnum vs 45-70: Which Big Bore Reigns Supreme?

The debate rages on in the world of big bore cartridges: 500 S&W Magnum vs 45-70 Government. Both are titans, revered for their immense power and stopping capability. But which one is truly superior? This comprehensive guide dives deep into the nuances of each cartridge, comparing ballistics, recoil, applications, and more to help you determine which best suits your needs. Whether you’re a seasoned hunter, a dedicated shooter, or simply curious about these legendary rounds, we’ll provide the expert insights you need to make an informed decision. We aim to explore the strengths and weaknesses of each, avoiding fanboyism and focusing on practical performance.

A Head-to-Head Comparison of Two Legendary Cartridges

The 500 S&W Magnum and the 45-70 Government are both powerful cartridges, but they achieve their power in different ways. The 500 S&W Magnum, a relatively recent development, relies on a large diameter bullet and high pressure to deliver tremendous energy. The 45-70, on the other hand, is a much older cartridge that uses a heavier bullet at lower velocities to achieve its power. Understanding these fundamental differences is crucial to appreciating their respective strengths and weaknesses.

The Mighty 500 S&W Magnum: A Modern Powerhouse

Introduced in 2003 by Smith & Wesson and Cor-Bon, the 500 S&W Magnum was designed as the most powerful handgun cartridge in production. It achieves this distinction through a combination of large bullet diameter (.500 inch) and high operating pressure. This combination allows it to launch heavy bullets at impressive velocities, generating immense energy and recoil. The 500 S&W Magnum is primarily chambered in large-frame revolvers, designed to withstand the immense pressures generated by the cartridge.

The Timeless 45-70 Government: A Legacy of Power

The 45-70 Government, adopted by the U.S. Army in 1873, is a black powder cartridge that has proven its effectiveness for over a century. Originally designed for single-shot rifles, it has since been chambered in lever-action rifles and even some modern single-shot pistols. The 45-70 uses a large diameter bullet (.458 inch) and a relatively large powder charge to deliver significant energy, although at lower velocities compared to the 500 S&W Magnum. Its long history and proven track record make it a favorite among hunters and shooting enthusiasts.

Ballistics: Energy, Velocity, and Trajectory

When comparing the ballistics of the 500 S&W Magnum and the 45-70, it’s important to consider several factors, including bullet weight, velocity, energy, and trajectory. While both cartridges are capable of delivering devastating power, their ballistic profiles differ significantly.

500 S&W Magnum Ballistic Performance

The 500 S&W Magnum typically fires bullets ranging from 275 to 700 grains. Lighter bullets achieve higher velocities, resulting in flatter trajectories and greater energy at close ranges. Heavier bullets, while slower, retain energy better at longer distances and offer deeper penetration. Common factory loads include 350-grain bullets at around 1900 fps and 500-grain bullets at around 1600 fps. These loads generate tremendous energy, often exceeding 2500 ft-lbs at the muzzle.

45-70 Government Ballistic Performance

The 45-70 typically fires bullets ranging from 300 to 500 grains. Factory loads generally fall within a velocity range of 1300 to 1800 fps. While the 45-70’s velocity is lower than the 500 S&W Magnum, its heavier bullets still deliver impressive energy, often exceeding 2000 ft-lbs at the muzzle. The 45-70’s trajectory is generally more curved than the 500 S&W Magnum, requiring more holdover at longer ranges.

Ballistic Comparison Chart

Below is a table illustrating a ballistic comparison between common loads for each cartridge:

Note: These are approximate figures and can vary depending on the specific load and firearm used.

Recoil: Taming the Beast

Recoil is a significant factor to consider when choosing between the 500 S&W Magnum and the 45-70. Both cartridges generate substantial recoil, but the 500 S&W Magnum is generally considered to have more intense recoil due to its higher operating pressure and lighter firearm platforms. Experienced shooters can manage the recoil of both cartridges, but it can be challenging for beginners.

500 S&W Magnum Recoil Characteristics

The 500 S&W Magnum’s recoil is often described as sharp and abrupt. The lightweight revolvers typically chambered for this cartridge exacerbate the perceived recoil. Proper grip and stance are essential for managing the 500 S&W Magnum’s recoil effectively. Many shooters find that using a heavier revolver or adding a muzzle brake can help reduce felt recoil.

45-70 Government Recoil Characteristics

The 45-70’s recoil is often described as more of a push than a sharp jolt. The heavier rifles typically chambered for this cartridge help to absorb some of the recoil. While still significant, the 45-70’s recoil is generally considered more manageable than the 500 S&W Magnum’s, especially in heavier rifles. Recoil pads are a common addition to 45-70 rifles to further reduce felt recoil.

Applications: Hunting, Protection, and More

The 500 S&W Magnum and the 45-70 are both versatile cartridges that can be used for a variety of applications, including hunting, self-defense, and recreational shooting. However, their strengths and weaknesses make them better suited for certain tasks than others.

Hunting with the 500 S&W Magnum

The 500 S&W Magnum is a popular choice for hunting large and dangerous game, such as bear, boar, and deer. Its immense power and stopping capability make it an effective cartridge for taking down large animals quickly and humanely. However, its short effective range and heavy recoil can be limiting factors in some hunting situations. Hunters often use specialized loads designed for deep penetration and controlled expansion to maximize the 500 S&W Magnum’s effectiveness.

Hunting with the 45-70 Government

The 45-70 is a classic hunting cartridge that has been used for over a century to take down a wide variety of game animals. Its heavy bullets and deep penetration make it an excellent choice for hunting large and dangerous game in thick cover. While its trajectory is more curved than the 500 S&W Magnum, its longer effective range and more manageable recoil make it a versatile hunting cartridge. Many hunters prefer the 45-70 for its historical significance and proven track record.

Self-Defense Considerations

While both cartridges are capable of delivering devastating stopping power, their suitability for self-defense is limited by their heavy recoil and large firearm platforms. The 500 S&W Magnum’s recoil can make it difficult to control in a self-defense situation, while the 45-70’s large rifles can be unwieldy in close quarters. However, both cartridges can be effective for defense against large animals in the wilderness.

Firearm Platforms: Revolvers vs. Rifles

The 500 S&W Magnum is primarily chambered in large-frame revolvers, while the 45-70 is primarily chambered in lever-action and single-shot rifles. These different firearm platforms have a significant impact on the handling, accuracy, and overall shooting experience of each cartridge.

500 S&W Magnum Revolvers

500 S&W Magnum revolvers are typically large and heavy, designed to withstand the immense pressures generated by the cartridge. They offer a compact and powerful package, but their recoil can be challenging to manage. Common 500 S&W Magnum revolvers include the Smith & Wesson Model 500 and the Taurus Raging Bull. Aftermarket grips and muzzle brakes are popular accessories for 500 S&W Magnum revolvers, helping to improve comfort and control.

45-70 Government Rifles

45-70 rifles are typically lever-action or single-shot designs. Lever-action rifles offer fast follow-up shots, while single-shot rifles are known for their accuracy and simplicity. Common 45-70 rifles include the Marlin 1895 and the Henry Repeating Arms rifles. Scopes and other optics are commonly mounted on 45-70 rifles to improve accuracy at longer ranges.

Ammunition Availability and Cost

Ammunition availability and cost are important factors to consider when choosing between the 500 S&W Magnum and the 45-70. Both cartridges are readily available, but the 500 S&W Magnum is generally more expensive due to its higher operating pressure and specialized bullet designs.

500 S&W Magnum Ammunition

500 S&W Magnum ammunition is available from a variety of manufacturers, including Hornady, Federal, and Winchester. Prices typically range from $2 to $5 per round, depending on the bullet weight and construction. Reloading components are also available for the 500 S&W Magnum, allowing shooters to customize their loads and reduce costs.

45-70 Government Ammunition

45-70 ammunition is widely available from a variety of manufacturers, including Remington, Winchester, and Buffalo Bore. Prices typically range from $1.50 to $4 per round, depending on the bullet weight and construction. Reloading components are also readily available for the 45-70, making it a popular choice among reloaders.

Expert Opinions and Real-World Experiences

Based on expert consensus and user feedback, both the 500 S&W Magnum and the 45-70 are highly capable cartridges with distinct strengths and weaknesses. The 500 S&W Magnum offers superior power and a flatter trajectory, while the 45-70 offers more manageable recoil and a longer effective range.

Experienced hunters often recommend the 500 S&W Magnum for close-range hunting of large and dangerous game, while the 45-70 is favored for hunting in thick cover and at longer ranges. Both cartridges have a loyal following among shooting enthusiasts who appreciate their power and versatility.

500 S&W Magnum vs. 45-70: Pros and Cons

To summarize, here’s a breakdown of the pros and cons of each cartridge:

500 S&W Magnum

• Pros:
  • Superior power and energy
  • Flatter trajectory
  • Effective for close-range hunting of large and dangerous game
• Cons:
  • Heavy recoil
  • Shorter effective range
  • More expensive ammunition

45-70 Government

• Pros:
  • More manageable recoil
  • Longer effective range
  • Effective for hunting in thick cover
  • More affordable ammunition
• Cons:
  • More curved trajectory
  • Lower velocity

Making the Right Choice for Your Needs

Ultimately, the choice between the 500 S&W Magnum and the 45-70 depends on your individual needs and preferences. Consider the type of hunting you plan to do, the range at which you’ll be shooting, and your tolerance for recoil. If you’re looking for maximum power and a flatter trajectory for close-range hunting, the 500 S&W Magnum may be the better choice. If you prefer a more manageable recoil and a longer effective range for hunting in thick cover, the 45-70 may be a better fit. Take the time to research both cartridges thoroughly and, if possible, try shooting both before making a decision. Renting firearms at a local range can be a great option.

Final Thoughts: A Legacy of Power and Performance

Both the 500 S&W Magnum and the 45-70 Government are legendary cartridges that have earned their place in shooting history. Whether you choose the modern power of the 500 S&W Magnum or the timeless performance of the 45-70, you can be confident that you’re wielding a cartridge capable of delivering exceptional power and performance. Share your experiences with these big bore cartridges in the comments below!