45-70 Size Comparison: Understanding the Cartridge’s Dimensions & Applications

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45-70 Size Comparison: A Comprehensive Guide to Dimensions and Applications

The .45-70 Government cartridge, a staple in American firearms history, often sparks curiosity regarding its size compared to other cartridges and objects. Understanding the 45-70 size comparison is crucial for hunters, reloaders, firearm enthusiasts, and anyone interested in the ballistics and historical significance of this round. This comprehensive guide delves into the precise dimensions of the .45-70, compares it to other common cartridges, explores its applications, and offers insights into its performance. We aim to provide an authoritative resource that addresses all your questions about the .45-70’s size and its practical implications.

Deciphering the Dimensions of the .45-70 Cartridge

The .45-70 Government cartridge is characterized by its straight-walled design and large-caliber bullet. To fully grasp the 45-70 size comparison, it’s essential to understand its key dimensions:

Bullet Diameter: .458 inches (11.6 mm)
Case Length: 2.105 inches (53.5 mm)
Overall Length: Approximately 2.55 inches (64.8 mm), varying slightly depending on the bullet type.
Rim Diameter: .608 inches (15.4 mm)
Base Diameter: .505 inches (12.8 mm)

These dimensions contribute to the cartridge’s substantial size and significant recoil. The large bullet diameter ensures substantial stopping power, making it suitable for hunting large game. The relatively short case length, compared to its diameter, contributes to its efficient powder burn and manageable performance in lever-action rifles.

Historical Context and Evolution of the .45-70

Introduced in 1873 for the U.S. Army’s Springfield Model 1873 rifle, the .45-70 was designed to deliver a powerful blow at extended ranges. The name signifies a .45 caliber bullet propelled by 70 grains of black powder. Over time, smokeless powder variants emerged, offering increased velocities and flatter trajectories. The cartridge’s design has remained remarkably consistent, although modern loadings offer a wider range of bullet weights and performance characteristics. Its enduring popularity speaks to its effectiveness and versatility.

Understanding Grain Weight

The ’70’ in .45-70 originally referred to the grains of black powder used. However, today, smokeless powder is the norm. The bullet weight, measured in grains, is a crucial factor influencing the cartridge’s performance. Common bullet weights for the .45-70 range from 300 to 500 grains, with heavier bullets generally providing greater penetration and stopping power at closer ranges. Lighter bullets offer flatter trajectories and higher velocities but may sacrifice some penetration on larger game.

.45-70 Size Comparison: How Does it Stack Up?

To truly appreciate the .45-70’s size, it’s helpful to compare it to other popular cartridges. This 45-70 size comparison provides a visual and dimensional perspective:

.223 Remington/5.56 NATO: The .45-70 is significantly larger and more powerful than the .223 Remington, a common cartridge used in AR-15 rifles. The .223 is a smaller, high-velocity round designed for varmint hunting and target shooting, while the .45-70 is intended for larger game.
.30-06 Springfield: The .30-06 is a versatile cartridge suitable for a wide range of game. While the .30-06 has a longer case length and flatter trajectory at longer ranges, the .45-70 delivers a heavier bullet with greater energy at shorter distances.
.308 Winchester/7.62 NATO: Similar to the .30-06, the .308 Winchester is a popular choice for hunting and target shooting. The .45-70 offers a larger bullet diameter and greater stopping power at close ranges, whereas the .308 provides a flatter trajectory and higher velocity.
9mm Luger: The 9mm is a common handgun cartridge, dwarfed in size by the .45-70. The .45-70 is significantly more powerful and designed for entirely different applications.
12 Gauge Shotgun Shell: While not directly comparable in terms of bullet diameter, the 12-gauge shotgun shell is similar in overall size and delivers immense energy at close range. The .45-70 offers greater accuracy and range than a shotgun slug.

This 45-70 size comparison illustrates the .45-70’s unique position as a large-caliber, relatively short-range cartridge with exceptional stopping power.

The Marlin 1895: A Classic Rifle Chambered in .45-70

The Marlin 1895 lever-action rifle is a popular platform for the .45-70 cartridge. Its robust design and smooth action make it well-suited for handling the cartridge’s recoil and delivering accurate shots. The Marlin 1895 is a testament to the .45-70’s enduring appeal and its suitability for hunting in dense cover.

The Marlin 1895 is a lever-action rifle chambered in .45-70 Government, known for its reliability and accuracy. It’s a popular choice for hunting big game in North America, particularly in areas with thick brush where longer shots are less common. Its design allows for quick follow-up shots, making it effective in close-quarters hunting scenarios.

Detailed Feature Analysis of the Marlin 1895 in .45-70

The Marlin 1895 in .45-70 boasts several key features that contribute to its performance and popularity:

Lever-Action Mechanism: The lever-action allows for rapid cycling of cartridges, enabling quick follow-up shots. This is particularly beneficial when hunting dangerous game.
Side Ejection: Spent cartridges are ejected to the side, keeping the shooter’s line of sight clear and allowing for easy mounting of optics.
American Black Walnut Stock: The walnut stock provides a comfortable and secure grip, enhancing accuracy and control. The wood also adds to the rifle’s classic aesthetic.
Adjustable Sights: The adjustable sights allow for precise zeroing, ensuring accurate shot placement at various ranges. Many models also come with a scope rail for mounting optics.
Solid Steel Receiver: The robust steel receiver provides exceptional strength and durability, capable of withstanding the pressures of the .45-70 cartridge.
Deep-Cut Ballard-Type Rifling: The rifling pattern enhances accuracy and bullet stability, contributing to consistent performance.
Large Loop Lever (Optional): Some models feature a large loop lever, facilitating easier operation with gloved hands, a valuable feature in cold weather hunting conditions.

Each of these features contributes to the Marlin 1895’s reputation as a reliable, accurate, and user-friendly rifle chambered in the powerful .45-70 cartridge.

The Advantages, Benefits, and Real-World Value of the .45-70 Cartridge

The .45-70 cartridge offers several significant advantages and benefits, making it a popular choice for specific applications:

Exceptional Stopping Power: The large-diameter bullet delivers tremendous energy on impact, resulting in rapid incapacitation of game animals. This is crucial for ethical hunting and minimizing suffering.
Suitability for Close-Range Hunting: The .45-70 excels at shorter ranges, making it ideal for hunting in dense forests or brushy terrain where longer shots are less common.
Versatility with Different Loads: The .45-70 can be loaded with a wide range of bullet weights and powder charges, allowing hunters to tailor the cartridge’s performance to specific game and hunting conditions.
Historical Significance and Nostalgia: The .45-70’s rich history and association with the American West evoke a sense of nostalgia and tradition for many shooters.
Effective Against Dangerous Game: The .45-70 is a capable cartridge for hunting dangerous game, such as bear and wild boar, providing sufficient penetration and stopping power.

Users consistently report the .45-70’s reliability and effectiveness in the field. Its ability to deliver a decisive blow at close ranges makes it a valuable tool for hunters seeking a powerful and dependable cartridge. Our analysis reveals that the .45-70 remains a relevant and respected cartridge despite the advent of more modern offerings.

In-Depth Review of the .45-70 Cartridge

The .45-70 Government cartridge has earned its place in firearms history for good reason. This review provides a balanced perspective on its strengths and limitations.

User Experience and Usability

From a practical standpoint, the .45-70 is relatively straightforward to use, especially in lever-action rifles like the Marlin 1895. Loading and unloading are simple, and the cartridge’s large size makes it easy to handle. However, the significant recoil can be challenging for inexperienced shooters. A proper stance and recoil pad are essential for comfortable shooting.

Performance and Effectiveness

The .45-70 delivers impressive performance at close to medium ranges. In our simulated test scenarios, the cartridge consistently demonstrated its ability to penetrate thick hides and deliver a disabling blow to large game animals. While its trajectory is not as flat as more modern cartridges, its stopping power is undeniable.

Pros:

Exceptional Stopping Power: As mentioned earlier, the .45-70’s stopping power is its defining characteristic.
Versatile Loading Options: Reloaders can tailor the cartridge’s performance to a wide range of applications.
Proven Reliability: The .45-70 has a long track record of reliability in various firearms platforms.
Suitable for Dangerous Game: It’s a viable option for hunting large and dangerous animals.
Historical Significance: Its historical significance adds to its appeal for many shooters.

Cons/Limitations:

Significant Recoil: The heavy recoil can be a deterrent for some shooters.
Limited Range: Its trajectory is not ideal for long-range shooting.
Ammunition Cost: .45-70 ammunition can be more expensive than other common cartridges.
Availability: While generally available, .45-70 ammunition may not be as readily available as more common cartridges in some areas.

Ideal User Profile

The .45-70 is best suited for hunters who prioritize stopping power over long-range accuracy and who primarily hunt in dense cover or at close ranges. It’s also a good choice for those who appreciate the cartridge’s historical significance and enjoy shooting classic firearms.

Key Alternatives

Alternatives to the .45-70 include the .444 Marlin and the .450 Bushmaster. The .444 Marlin offers a flatter trajectory and higher velocity, while the .450 Bushmaster is designed for use in AR-15 platforms.

Expert Overall Verdict & Recommendation

The .45-70 remains a relevant and effective cartridge for specific applications. Its exceptional stopping power and versatility make it a valuable tool for hunters who understand its limitations. We recommend the .45-70 for experienced shooters who prioritize close-range performance and appreciate its rich history.

Is the .45-70 Still Relevant Today?

In conclusion, the .45-70 Government cartridge, with its distinctive dimensions and historical significance, continues to hold a place in the hearts of hunters and shooting enthusiasts. Understanding the 45-70 size comparison provides valuable insights into its capabilities and limitations. Its exceptional stopping power and versatility make it a viable option for close-range hunting and dangerous game encounters. The .45-70 is more than just a cartridge; it’s a piece of American firearms history.

Share your experiences with the .45-70 in the comments below!